Joseph John Thomson

Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) was a scientist who was born in Cheetham Hill, where he was appointed professor of experimental physics since 1884. His research led to the discovery of the electron. Thomson knows that the gas could deliver electricity. He became a pioneer of nuclear physics. Thomson won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1906.

Joseph John Thomson was born in Creetham Hill, a suburb of Manchester on December 18, 1856. He enrolled at Owens College, Manchester in 1870, and in 1876 enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge as a regular student. He became a member of Trinity College in 1880, when he became a recipient of the Wrangler and Smith (2nd). He remained a lifelong member of Trinity College. He became speaker in 1883, and became professor in 1918. He was professor of experimental physics at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, where he replaces John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, from 1884 to 1918 and became a distinguished professor of physics at Cambridge and the Royal Institution, London.

Thomson recently was interested in the structure of the atom which is reflected in his book entitled Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings which won him the Adams Prize in 1884. His book, entitled Application of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry published in 1886, and in 1892 he published a book called Notes on Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism. Recent work of wrapping the results obtained subsequent to the appearance of James Clerk Maxwell's treatise is well known and often referred to as the third volume of Maxwell. Thomson worked with Professor J.H. Poynting to write a physics book in four volumes, entitled Properties of Matter and 1895, he produced the book Elements of the Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, fifth edition, published in 1921.

In 1896, Thomson visited the United States to give a course of four lectures, which summarizes new studies at Princeton University. The next lecture was published as Discharge of Electricity through Gases (1897). Upon returning from the United States, he obtained the most brilliant work in his life, which is studying the height of the cathode rays on the discovery of electrons, which are discussed during the course of the evening lecture to the Royal Instution on Friday, April 30, 1897. His book Conduction of Electricity through Gases published in 1903, described by Lord Rayleigh as a review of the "great days at the Cavendish Laboratory". The next edition, written in collaboration with his son, George, in two volumes (1928 and 1933).

Thomson returned to America in 1904, to deliver six lectures on electricity and matter at Yale University. Lecture contains some important statements about the structure of the atom. He discovered a method for separating different kinds of atoms and molecules are different, with the use of positive rays, an idea developed by Francis Aston, Dempster and others, which led to the discovery of many isotopes. And again, for it is only mentioned and he wrote books such as The Structure of Light (1907), The Corpuscular Theory of Matter (1907), Rays of Positive Electricity (1913), The Electron in Chemistry (1923) and his autobiography, Recollections and Reflections and book (1936), among many other publications. Thomson, a recipient of orders for service, inaugurated in 1908.

He was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1884 and became president during 1916-1920; he obtained the medal Royal and Hughes in 1894 and 1902, and obtained the Copley Medal in 1914. He was awarded the Hodgkins Medal (Smithsonian Institute, Washington) in 1902; Franklin Medal and Scott Medal (Philadelphia), 1923; Mascart Medal (Paris), 1927; Dalton Medal (Manchester), 1931; and the Faraday Medal (Institute of Civil Engineers) at in 1938. He is President of the British Association in 1909 (and from part A in 1896 and 1931) and he holds an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Oxford, Dublin, London, Victoria, Columbia, Cambridge, Durham, Birmingham, Göttingen, Leeds, Oslo, Sorbonne, Edinburgh , Reading, Princeton, Glasgow, Johns Hopkins, Aberdeen, Kraków, and Philadelphia.

In 1890, he married with Rose Elisabeth, Sir George E. putir Paget, K.C.B. They are awarded to a son, now Sir George Paget Thomson, professor emeritus in physics at the University of London, who also was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1937, and a daughter.

J. J. Thomson died on August 30, 1940.